NOTAS RELATÓRIO A/HRC/59/23

Notas do Relatório do Relator Especial sobre a situação dos direitos humanos nos territórios palestinos ocupados desde 1967 - A/HRC/59/23

                * O presente relatório foi submetido aos serviços de conferência para processamento após o prazo final, de modo a incluir as informações mais recentes.

                       ** O anexo do presente documento é reproduzido conforme recebido, apenas no idioma de envio.

                        [1] Philip Stern, Empires Incorporated: As corporações que construíram o colonialismo britânico (Harvard University Press, 2023); LH Roper, “Empresa privada, colonialismo e o mundo atlântico”, Oxford Research Encyclopedia: História latino-americana (2018).

                        [2] Nick Estes, A nossa história é o futuro: Standing Rock versus o oleoduto Dakota Access e a longa tradição de resistência indígena (Londres, Verso, 2019), pp. 43-50.

                        [3] Susan Koshy, et al., (eds.) Capitalismo racial colonial (Durham: Duke University Press, 2022).

                        [4] Patrick Wolfe, “Compra por outros meios: a Nakba da Palestina e a conquista da economia pelo sionismo”, Settler Colonial Studies , vol. 2, n.º 1 (2012).

                        [5] Andy Clarno, Apartheid neoliberal: Palestina/Israel e África do Sul depois de 1994 (Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 2017).

                        [6]   www.unrwa.org/newsroom/official-statements/west-bank-large-scale-house-demolitions-ongoing-israeli-forces .

                        [7] Princípios orientadores sobre empresas e direitos humanos, Princípio 4

                        [8] Princípio Orientador 14.

                        [9]   www.bdsmovement.net ; www.whoprofits.org ; www.dontbuyintooccupation.org ; www.investigate.afsc.org .

                       [10] A/HRC/22/63, parágrafo 96; A/HRC/RES/31/36 e A/HRC/43/71.

                       [11]   www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2024/call-input-report-sp ecial-rapporteur-occupied-palestinian-territory-human .

                       [12]   www.somo.nl/mind-the-gap/ .

                       [13] D. Lustig, “The Enduring Charter”, em MJ Durkee (orgs) Estados, empresas e suas ficções jurídicas (Cambridge University Press, 2024).

                       [14] Roper, “Empresa Privada”.

                       [15] Koshy, Capitalismo Racial Colonial, p.4.

                       [16] Federica Violi, “Navegando pela Responsabilidade Corporativa no Direito Económico Internacional: Uma Visão Geral Crítica” em Ioannis Papadopoulos et al (eds), Handbook of Accountability Studies: Politics, Law, Business, Work (Elgar Publishing, a sair em 2025).

                       [17]           www.realbusinessrescue.co.uk/advice-hub/companies-worth-more-than-countries .

                       [18] Adom Getachew, Criação de mundos após o império (Princeton University Press, 2019), pp. 22-26.

                       [19] Violi, “Navegando pela Responsabilidade Corporativa”.

                       [20]   O julgamento IG Farben , Tribunal Militar dos Estados Unidos, Nuremberg, 14 de agosto de 1947-29 de julho de 1948; Anita Ramasastry, “Cumplicidade corporativa: de Nuremberg a Rangoon – um exame de casos de trabalho forçado e seu impacto na responsabilidade de empresas multinacionais”, Berkeley Journal of International Law , vol 20 (2002).

                       [21]   www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%204.pdf , págs. 21-27.

                       [22] Elies van Sliedregt, “O futuro da justiça penal internacional é corporativo”, Journal of International Criminal Justice (2025).

                       [23]   https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/publications/guidingprinciplesbusinesshr_en.pdf .

                       [24]   www.undocs.org/A/75/212 , parágrafo 10; A/75/212, parágrafo 11; consulte https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/commentaries/7_7_2019.pdf, pp.

                       [25] Princípio orientador 13.

                       [26]   www.undp.org/publications/heightened-human-rights-due-diligence-business-conflict-affected-contexts-guide .

                       [27] Comentário do Princípio Orientador 17.

                       [28] ILC, Projetos de artigos sobre prevenção e punição de crimes contra a humanidade, com comentários, 2019, A/74/10, pp. 81-84; A/75/212, parágrafo 11.

                       [29]   https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session59/a-hrc-59-23-annex.pdf .

                       [30] A/79/384, parágrafos 5-7.

                       [31] A/79/384, parágrafo 8.

                       [32] Sai Englert e Gargi Bhattacharyya, “Genocídio do capital: uma conversa sobre capitalismo racial, colonialismo de povoamento e mundos possíveis depois de Gaza”, Journal Of Holy Land And Palestine Studies , vol. 23, No. 2 (2024), pp. 172-175.

                       [33] Sherene Seikaly, Homens do Capital: Escassez e Economia na Palestina sob Mandato (Stanford University Press, 2016), pp. 6-8.

                       [34] Gershon Shafir, “Sionismo e colonialismo: uma abordagem comparativa”, em Michael Barnett (ed), Israel em perspectiva comparativa: desafiando a sabedoria convencional (SUNY Press, 1996), pp. 234-237.

                       [35] www.kkl-jnf.org/about-kkl-jnf/kkl-jnf-id/goals-actions/; www.peacenow.org.il/en/settler-national-fund-keren-kayemeth-leisraels-acquisition-of-west-bank-land; www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2021-02-14/ty-article/.premium/jewish-national-fund-okays-plan-to-expand-west-bank-settlements/0000017f-e7d9-d62c-a1ff-fffbefe10000 .

                       [36] Sheila Ryan, “Política económica israelita nas áreas ocupadas: fundamentos de um novo imperialismo”, MERIP Reports , n.º 24 (1974), pp. 3-28.

                       [37]   www.arij.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/The_Economic_Cost_of_the_Israeli_occupation_Report_upd.pdf ; www.alhaq.org/cached_uploads/download/2024/07/04/business-and-human-rights-booklet-1720077751.pdf .

                       [38]   www.badil.org/phocadownloadpap/badil-new/publications/research/working-papers/FT-Coercive-Environments.pdf ; www.badil.org/cached_uploads/view/2024/06/10/forced-displacement-as-an-act-of-genocide-in-the-gaza-strip-v6-1718021197.pdf .

                       [39]   www.btselem.org/download/201105_dispossession_and_exploitation_eng.pdf .

                       [40] UNCTAD, TD/B/1102, https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/tdbd1102_en.pdf ; UNCTAD/GDS/APP/2006/1; www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde15/5141/2022/en/ , pp. 164-193.

                       [41] Tariq Dana, “Dominar e pacificar: contextualizar a economia política dos territórios palestinos ocupados desde 1967”, em Alaa Tartir, et. al. (orgs.), Economia política da Palestina: perspectivas críticas, interdisciplinares e descoloniais (Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021), pp. Shir Hever, A economia política da ocupação de Israel: repressão além da exploração (Pluto Press, 2010), pp.

                       [42]   www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/israel0116_web2.pdf .

[ 43                       ] https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/654801468176641469/pdf/473230WP0GZ0Re101PU BLIC10Box334128B.pdf , pp.2-3.

[ 44                        ] https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/257131468140639464/pdf/Area-C-and-the-future-of-the-Palestinian-economy.pdf p. 5.

                       [45] Maya Wind, Torres de marfim e aço: como as universidades israelenses negam a liberdade palestina. Londres (NY: Verso, 2024); Uri Yacobi Keller, “Boicote acadêmico a Israel e a cumplicidade das instituições acadêmicas israelenses na ocupação dos territórios palestinos”, em Shir Hever (org.), Economia da ocupação (Alternative Information Center, 2009), p. 5.

                       [46] S. Abdelnour, “Making a Killing: O ecossistema de inovação militar de Israel e a globalização da violência”. Estudos Organizacionais vol. 44, n.º 2, pp. 333-337; Ilan Pappé, A ideia de Israel: uma história de poder e conhecimento (Londres: Verso, 2015), pp. 26-31.

                       [47] TD/B/71/3; A/79/343.

                       [48] ​​Antony Loewenstein, O Laboratório Palestina (Verso, 2023), p. 24.

                       [49] Ali Musleh, “Design em tempo real: uma introdução ao design de armas no presente colonial-colonial da Palestina”, Design and Culture , vol. 10, No. 1 (2018) pp. 33-54.

                       [50]   www.linkedin.com/posts/israelimod_israel-showcases-advanced-defense-technologies-activity-7325900544680595456-gQ-C/ ; Loewenstein, O Laboratório Palestina , pp. 5-6.

                       [51] Gabriel Sheffer e Oren Barak (orgs.), Militarismo e sociedade israelense (Indiana University Press, 2010).

                       [52]   www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2025-03/fs_2503_at_2024_0.pdf , pág. 2.

                       [53]   www.sipri.org/visualizations/2024/sipri-top-100-arms-producing-and-military-services-companies-world-2023 .

                       [54] Submissão (2.45); https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-prioritizing-israel-creates-problems-for-elbit-systems-1001501806 ; www.youtube.com/watch?v=eEexR-3VrjI (2024); www.youtube.com/watch?v=cbIyvbbC68A (2025) 42 minutos.

                       [55]   www.elbitsystems.com/blog/elbit-in-2024-a-fortress-of-innovation ; www.linkedin.com/posts/israelimod_israel-defense-prize-2024-awarded-for-groundbreaking-activity-7258936620320481281-qkbU/ .

                       [56]   www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-Defence/israel-signs-deals-with-defence-firm-elbit-makebombs-domestically-2025-01-07/ .

                       [57]   https://www.timesofisrael.com/israeli-arms-sales-break-record-for-4th-year-in-row-reaching-14-8-billion-in-2024/ .

[                        58] https://sgp.fas.org/crs/weapons/RL30563.pdf ; https://ploughshares.ca/global-production-of-the-israeli-f-35i-joint-strike-fighter/ ; https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/09/14/fact-sheet-memorandum-understanding-reached-israel; www.gov.il/en/pages/ef35adir .

                       [59]   investigue.afsc.org/company/lockheed-martin .

                       [60]   https://investigate.info/company/leonardo .

                       [61]   www.19fortyfive.com/2025/04/f-35i-adir-israels-custom-f-35-that-no-other-nation-has/ ; www.airandspaceforces.com/PDF/MagazineArchive/Documents/2017/April%202017/0417_Grudo_Israeli.pdf ; https://www.israeldefense.co.il/en/node/38893 ; www.iai.co.il/f-16-aerostructures-and-f-35-wing-lockheed-martin ; https://bulgarianmilitary.com/2025/02/15/israel-awaits-eight-upgraded-f-35is-with-improved-software/ .

                       [62]   https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/f-35i-adir-stealth-fighter-most-dangerous-warplane-earth-208569 ; www.twz.com/israeli-f-35-shoots-down-cruise-missile ; www.twz.com/air/israeli-f-35s-first-to-use-beast-mode-in-combat ; https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/f-35-beast-mode-how-americas-stealth-jet-becomes-bomb-truck-207837 .

                       [63]   www.wdmma.org/israeli-air-force.php#google_vignette ; www.lockheedmartin.com/en-il/index.html .

                       [64]    https://ndia.dtic.mil/wp-content/uploads/2010/armament/TuesdayLandmarkADougHayward.pdf , pp. 12, 14; https://www.f-16.net/f-16_armament_article9.html ; https://www.airandspaceforces.com/weapons-platforms/gbu-31-32-38-jdam/ .

                       [65]   https://environment.ps/en/gazza/ .

                       [66] Em 5 de junho de 2025, https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiODAxNTYzMDYtMjQ3YS00OTMzLTkxMWQtOTU1NWEwMzE5NTMwIiwidCI6ImY2MTBjMGI3LWJkMjQtNGIzOS04MTBiLTNkYzI4MGFmYjU5MCIsImMiOjh9 .

                       [67]   www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/opt/20240619-ohchr-thematic-report-indiscrim-disprop-attacks-gaza-oct-dec2023.pdf pp. https://danwatch.dk/en/major-civilian-casualties-danish-equipado-fighter-jets-behind-bloody-attack-in-gaza/ ; www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde15/8668/2024/en/ , pp. https://aviationweek.com/defense-space/budget-policy-operations/us-f-35-sustainment-lead-details-israel-fleet-ops-october; www.reuters.com/world/us-has-sent-israel-thousands-2000-pound-bombs-since-oct-7-2024-06-28/ .

                       [68]   www.idf.il/en/mini-sites/our-corps-unitsbrigades/sky-rider-unit/sky-rider-unit/ ; https://euromedmonitor.org/en/article/6166/Gaza:-Israel-systematically-uses-quadcopters-to-kill-Palestinians-from-a-close-distance .

                       [69] Stefan Borg, “Montagem da guerra de drones israelense: vigilância ociosa e sustentabilidade operacional”, Security Dialogue, vol. 52, n.º 5 (2021). https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0967010620956796 ; www.bbc.com/arabic/articles/c98zw7yqr21o ; https://dronewars.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/DW-FracturedLives-WEB.pdf p. 3.

                       [70] Submissão (3.1.17); https://arxiv.org/pdf/2212.03298 ; https://archive.org/details/MIT-research-expenditures-by-sponsor-2023/page/n1/mode/2up .

                       [71]   www.mako.co.il/news-military/6361323ddea5a810/Article-2c5864e6289cb81027.htm ; www.newscientist.com/article/2282656-israel-used-worlds-first-ai-guided-combat-drone-swarm-in-gaza-attacks/; www.Defenceone.com/ideas/2021/07/israels-drone-swarm-over-gaza-should-worryeveryone/183156/ .

                       [72] Andrew Feinstein e Paul Holden, “O fracasso da regulamentação do comércio global de armas como consequência de conflitos de interesse de alto nível”, Brown Journal of World Affairs , vol. XXVII, n.º 1 (2020).

                       [73] Submissão (2.39); https://jobs.iai.co.il/job/76041120/ ; www.facebook.com/watch/?mibextid=WC7FNe&v=415983857439668&rdid=uNT8CldfcPhxginm ; www.youtube.com/watch?v=jY9lmDeRKpg .

                       [74]   https://static1.squarespace.com/static/664aed65d320123f2b3ab647/t/67534581b1692e1777d81bd1/1733510532268/Report-MaerskShipmentsIsrael-Rev7Nov2024-Final.pdf.

                       [75]   www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2025-04/2504_fs_milex_2024.pdf

                       [76]   www.elbitsystems.com/sites/default/files/2025-03/18032025e.pdf ; www.linkedin.com/posts/israelimod_israel-mod-purchases-advanced-drones-and-activity-7269631533118889984-4NIO/ ; www.linkedin.com/posts/israelimod_israel-mod-awards-55m-contract-to-elbit-activity-7330194304629403648-YUG-/ ; https://defence-industry.eu/israel-aerospace-industries-iai-reports-record-profits-and-orders-in-2024/ .

                       [77]   www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/lmt/historical?page=1&rows_per_page=10&timeline=y5 ; https://www.reuters.com/world/us-has-sent-israel-thousands-2000-pound-bombs-since-oct-7-2024-06 -28/ ; https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2023/2024/Costs%20of%20War_US%20Support%20Since%20Oct%207%20FINAL%20v2.pdf , págs. 21-22; www.rheinmetall.com/en/products/weapons-and-munition/weapons-and-ammunition/aircraft-bombs ; www.usaspending.gov/ard/CONT_AWD_W52P1J22F0208_9700_W52P1J19D0015_9700 .

                       [78] Esta tecnologia deve ser devidamente considerada em: www.wassenaar.org/app/uploads/2019/12/WA-DOC-19-Public-Docs-Vol-I-Founding-Documents.pdf ; ver Regulamento da UE 2021/821, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/summary/dual-use-export-controls.html .

                       [79] Considere: Rhys Machold, “Reconsiderando a tese do laboratório: Palestina/Israel e a geopolítica da representação”, Geografia Política , vol. 65 (2018).

                       [80]   https://research.ibm.com/labs/israel ; www.microsoftrnd.co.il/whoweare#AboutUs ; https://startup.google.com/campus/tel-aviv/; https://pages.awscloud.com/rs/112-TZM-766/images/AWS%20Economic%20Impact%20Study%20Israel%20Infographics.pdf .

                       [81]   www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde15/6701/2023/en/ ; Submissão (2.24).

                       [82] Loewenstein, O Laboratório Palestina , pp. 83-85; https://besacenter.org/is-israel-the-start-up-nation-because-of-its-unique-security-situation/ .

                       [83] Loewenstein, O Laboratório da Palestina, pp. 147-148.

                       [84]   www.amnesty.org/en/latest/reseivisarch/2021/11/devices-of-palestinian-human-rights-defenders-hacked-with-nso-groups-pegasus-spyware-2/ .

                       [85]   www.amnesty.org/en/documents/doc10/4491/2021/en/ www.haaretz.com/israel-news/tech-news/2022-04-05/ty-article-magazine/nso-pegasus-spyware-file-complete-list-of-individuals-targeted/0000017f-ed7a-d3be-ad7f-ff7b5a600000 .

                       [86]   www.gov.il/en/pages/mod-tightens-control-of-cyber-exports-6-december-2021; www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-9-2023-0189_EN.html , n.ºs 19, 85; www.haaretz.com/israel-news/tech-news/2022-02-03/ty-article/.premium/israels-spyware-diplomacy-is-an-extension-of-its-long-bloody-history-of-arms-sales/0000017f-f882-ddde-abff-fce787ac0000 .

                       [87]   www.whoprofits.org/companies/company/7236 ; https://finder.startupnationcentral.org/program_page/ibm-alpha-zone.

                       [88]   www.gov.il/he/pages/ibm_maintanance_contract_with_piba

                       [89]   A/HRC/53/59 , parágrafo 93; www.truthdig.com/articles/the-big-tech-behind-israels-digital-apartheid/

                       [90]   www.whoprofits.org/companies/company/3774 .

                       [91]   https://www.whoprofits.org/companies/company/3774 .

                       [92]   https://www.whoprofits.org/publications/report/137 .

                       [93]   www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/47217/000004721724000080/hp10-31x24ex21subsidiaries.htm ; https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1645590/000164559023000117/ex-21×10312023.htm ; https://www.whoprofits.org/publications/report/160 .

                       [94]   https://bdsmovement.net/microsoft .

                       [95] https://medium.com/@notechforapartheid/a-marriage-made-in-hell-an-introduction-to-microsofts-complicity-in-apartheid-and-genocide-d7dfad65a19; https://mr.gov.il/ilgstorefront/en/p/646740

                       [96]   https://mondoweiss.net/2021/03/how-microsoft-is-invested-in-israeli-settler-colonialism/; www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-2302074,00.html.

                       [97]   https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2015/09/08/microsoft-acquires-adallom-to-advance-identity-and-security-in-the-cloud/ ; https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2020/06/22/microsoft-acquires-cyberx-to-accelerate-and-secure-customers-iot-deployments/ .

                       [98] https://mr.gov.il/ilgstorefront/en/news/details/111222; www.documentcloud.org/documents/24630181-0683x000010wodmqa2/ .

                       [99]   www.nytimes.com/2024/12/03/technology/google-israel-contract-project-nimbus.html ; www.documentcloud.org/documents/24630178-intercept-translation-of-appendix-b-of-project-nimbus-tender-document/ .

                     [100]   www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-confirms-its-providing-ai-and-cloud-services-to-israeli-military-for-war-in-gaza/ ; www.972mag.com/cloud-israeli-army-gaza-amazon-google-microsoft/ ; www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2025/01/21/google-ai-israel-war-hamas-attack-gaza/ .

                     [101]   https :// www . computador . com . il / news / אבטחת – מידע – וסייבר /412016 ; www.youtube.com/watch?v=qLBDfnZJrC8 .

                     [102]   www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jan/23/israeli-military-gaza-war-microsoft ; https://theintercept.com/2022/07/24/google-israel-artificial-intelligence-project-nimbus/ ; Submissão (2.27).

                     [103]   www.gov.il/en/pages/_bpress_20102022 ; www.gov.il/en/pages/press_01082023_b; https://news.microsoft.com/source/emea/features/microsoft-to-launch-new-cloud-datacenter-region-in-israel/.

                     [104] Submissão (2.29); www.timesofisrael.com/israel-signs-deal-for-cloud-services-with-google-amazon/; https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vSF6HMW6qiy0g2eoK2ymcm_qUi39cCZLvjzRlzKgDOhfWiQQNutwrtdRB_-qkefj2uNVC5hs6VgY2Q9/pub ; https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2025/05/15/statement-technology-israel-gaza/ .

                     [105] www.youtube.com/watch?v=qLBDfnZJrC8.

                     [106]   www.hrw.org/news/2024/09/10/gaza-israeli-militarys-digital-tools-risk-civilian-harm ; www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/04/gaza-un-experts-deplore-use-purported-ai-commit-domicide-gaza-call ; https://verfassungsblog.de/gaza-artificial-intelligence-and-kill-lists/ ; https://www.palestine-studies.org/en/node/1656285 .

                     [107] Carta da Palantir, 22 de maio de 2025.

                     [108]           www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2017-05-31/ty-article-magazine/.premium/israel-jails-palestinians-who-fit-terrorist-profile/0000017f-f85f-d044-adff-fbff5c8a0000 ; https://blog.palantir.com/announcing-palantir-government-web-services-9fa1cdbbc6fc ; www.palantir.com/platforms/aip/ ; https://d18rn0p25nwr6d.cloudfront.net/CIK-0001321655/d75a90fd-c80a-40bd-b60c-1f5b8c10127e.pdf ; www.thenation.com/article/world/nsa-palantir-israel-gaza-ai/ ; https://responsiblestatecraft.org/peter-thiel-israel-palantir/

                     [109] www.palantir.com/assets/xrfr7uokpv1b/3MuEeA8MLbLDAyxixTsiIe/9e4a11a7fb058554a8a1e3cd 83e31c09/C134184_finaleprint.pdf; www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-01-12/palantir-israel-agree-to-strategic-partnership-for-battle-tech .  

                     [110]   https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=uQCazCId_9o (Tempo: 1:24:12-1:25:15).

                     [111] Considere: www.alhaq.org/cached_uploads/download/2024/06/11/11-june-2024-obligations-of-third-states-and-corporations-to-prevent-and-punish-genocide-in-gaza-3-1718133118.pdf .

                     [112]   https://startupnationcentral.org/wp-content/uploads/EcoTalk-JAN25.pdf ; www.jefferies.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2025/03/Israel-in-the-New-Middle-East-April-2025.pdf

                     [113]   O Acordo de Wassenaar .

                     [114] Eyal Weizman, Ungrounding: The Architecture of a Genocide (Penguin, a sair em 2026).

                     [115]   https://unosat.org/products/4130 ; https://unosat.org/products/4072 ; https://content.forensic-architecture.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FA_A-Spatial-Analysis-of-the-Israeli-militarys-conduct-in-Gaza-since-October-2023.pdf , pág. 53.

                     [116]   www.whoprofits.org/companies/company/3772 .

                     [117] www.amnestyusa.org/blog/caterpillar-incs-role-in-human-rights-violations-in-the-occupied-palestinian-territories/ ; www.btselem.org/punitive_demolition .  

                     [118]    Tribunal de Apelações dos EUA, 9º Circuito, Cynthia Corrie et al. v. Caterpillar Inc , Caso n.º 05-36210 (2007); www.dsca.mil/Congressional-Notification-Archive/Article/4088243/israel-caterpillar-d9-bulldozers .

                     [119] https://catused.cat.com/en/dealer.aspx?orgid=%7Bef3993c9-e4f1-4657-a305-51c5883c06f3%7D ; www.ite-cat.co.il/en ; www.haaretz.com/2009-03-11/ty-article/idf-to-draft-civilians-to-maintain-bulldozers-in-battle/0000017f-e7a4-df2c-a1ff-fff518120000 .  

                     [120] www.iai.co.il/p/panda.

                     [121]    www.elbitsystems.com/news/israeli-ministry-defense-selects-elbit-systems-iron-fist-light-decoupled-active-protection.

                     [122]   https://usa.leonardo.com/en/press-release-detail/-/detail/leonardo-drs-announces-closing-of-merger-with-rada ; www.drsrada.com/blog/israeli-ministry-of-defense-selects-iron-fist-aps-which-includes-radas-compact-hemispheric-radars .

                     [123]   www.forbes.com/sites/erictegler/2023/10/24/israels-armored-caterpillar-bulldozers-will-be-active-in-gaza/ ; www.ynetnews.com/article/rknechyct ; www.calcalist.co.il/local_news/article/sj11q00i8nt .

                     [124]    https://corporateoccupation.org/2020/04/24/caterpillar-a-company-profile/; https://bdsmovement.net/news/how-israel-uses-caterpillar-machinery-carry-out-extrajudicial-executions ; https://www.amnestyusa.org/blog/caterpillar-incs-role-in-human-rights-violations-in-the-occupied-palestinian-territories/ .

                     [125]   https://x.com/ytirawi/status/1855614179056439567 .

                     [126]   https://x.com/trackingisrael/status/1875627003426255102 .

                     [127]   https://x.com/trackingisrael/status/1886853187316912638 .

                     [128]   https://x.com/trackingisrael/status/1926731978256060869 .

                     [129]   www.whoprofits.org/companies/company/3772 .

                     [130]   www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/israelpalestine-israeli-army-bulldozers-allegedly-run-over-wounded-civilians-in-northern-gaza-co-did-not-respond/ .

                     [131] www.dsca.mil/Congressional-Notification-Archive/Article/4088243/israel-caterpillar-d9-bulldozers  

                     [132]   www.whoprofits.org/companies/company/3771 .

                     [133]   www.oemoffhighway.com/market-analysis/industry-news/news/21590588/hyundai-acquires-doosan ; www.hd-infracore.com/en/company/media/news-view/20175112 .

                     [134]   www.whoprofits.org/companies/company/3644 .

                     [135]   www.efco.co.il/en/hyundai/ ; www.mct.co.il/en/history/ .

                     [136]   www.mct.co.il/en/history/ ; www.merkavim.co.il/en/Project/34/Mars-Defender ; www.egged.co.il/Bus-924-Daf.aspx ; www.egged.co.il/Bus-1001-Volvo-B12B.aspx ; www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgFrrZzpQXY .

                     [137]   www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/home-demolitions-in-beit-hanina-executed-with-volvo-and-hyundai-equipment-israel-the-occupied-territories/ .

                     [138]   https://stopthewall.org/2022/06/02/quem-está-ajudando-israel-a-complicidade-corporativa-na-limpeza-étnica-masafer-yatta/ .

                     [139]   www.whoprofits.org//writable/uploads/publications/1668628326_d431e6ac8c4db6e661ba.pdf .

                     [140]   www.whoprofits.org/publications/report/138 .

                     [141]   www.972mag.com/israel-gaza-total-urban-destruction/ https://x.com/YinonMagal/status/1917560269007470856.

                     [142]   https://x.com/ytirawi/status/1913376210790338961 ; https://tiktokgenocide.com/uploads/israeli-soldiers-film-their-active-destruction-of-everything-in-rafah ;https://tiktokgenocide.com/uploads/4-israeli-excavators-destroying-buildings-othman-ibn-affan-street-rafah ; https://x.com/MiddleEastMnt/status/1852687041152045271; https://x.com/ytirawi/status/1913376210790338961?s=46&t=JH7WTzQ0dcUtXAxqglAAxw ; https://x.com/PalinfoAr/status/1865994832922956257 ; https://x.com/YinonMagal/status/1917560269007470856  .

                     [143]   https://x.com/trackingisrael/status/1877801096275431758 ; https://x.com/EyeonPalestine/status/1863159845504835630; https://x.com/LockMona/status/1863220509690720647 .

                     [144] www.idf.il/en/mini-sites/idf-press-releases-israel-at-war/april-25-pr/the-golani-brigade-and-the-188th-armored-brigade-established-the-morag-corridor/.

                     [145]   www.hrw.org/news/2004/11/21/israel-caterpillar-should-suspend-bulldozer-sales ; https://bdsmovement.net/news/hyundai-heavy-industries-end-complicity-with-apartheid

                     [146] A/HRC/58/73, parágrafo 19.

                     [147] A/HRC/58/73, parágrafo 16.

                     [148]A/HRC/58/73, pars. 14, 19.

                     [149]   www.whoprofits.org//writable/uploads/publications/1668628326_d431e6ac8c4db6e661ba.pdf , pp. 60-61; https://corporateoccupation.org/2010/06/16/volvo-equipment-effective-tool-in-the-israeli-occupation-of-palestine/ www.whoprofits.org/companies/company/3644 .

                     [150]   www.whoprofits.org/companies/company/3840 .

                     [151] www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/israel0116_web2.pdf, págs. 45-49; www.somo.nl/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/ViolationsSetInStone-EN.pdf ; https://media.business-humanrights.org/media/documents/files/documents/Heidelberg_Cement_response.pdf .

                     [152]   www.somo.nl/download/39733 /, pág. 31; https://mr.gov.il/ilgstorefront/en/p/attachment/005056BF4DAB1EDA95D45E47A9EB211B/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%99%20%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9A .

                     [153]   https://mavat.iplan.gov.il/SV4/1/7000965865/310 ; www.heidelbergmaterials.com/sites/default/files/2024-05/Group%20Payment%20Report%202023_engl_web.pdf , pág. 23.

                     [154]   www.whoprofits.org/companies/company/3958 ; https://badil.org/cached_uploads/view/2021/04/19/wp23-sfi-1618823935.pdf pág. 33-40.

                     [155]   https://bdsmovement.net/boycott-caf .

                     [156]   www.cafmobility.com/en/press-room/jerusalem-tram-project/ .

                     [157]   www.jadaliyya.com/Details/38503 .

                     [158]   https://pchrgaza.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/CAF-Submission_OHCHR_UN-database_-December-2020.pdf ; www.whoprofits.org/publications/report/161 .

                     [159]   www.whoprofits.org//writable/uploads/publications/1668628326_d431e6ac8c4db6e661ba.pdf , pp. 60 , 72.

                     [160]   www.hanson-israel.com/Projects .

                     [161]   https://kwri.kw.com/press/keller-williams-expands-into-france-israel-monaco-nicaragua-and-poland/ .

                     [162]   www . Madlan . com . il / madad – pesquisar / מודיעין – עילית – ישראל .

                     [163]   https://homeinisrael.com/en/ .

                     [164]   www.facebook.com/darren.rich.3/posts/10232240860188009 ; www.linkedin.com/posts/darren-rich-81588551_dont-miss-out-on-our-israel-real-estate-activity-7167770842209226752-77iU/ .

                     [165]   www.myisraelhome.com/new-project ; www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=1057208702869865&id=100057422350945&ref=embed_post ; www.lustigman.co.il/har-homa ; www.whoprofits.org/companies/company/4069 .

                     [166]   https://x.com/yoavgallant/status/1711335592942875097 .

                     [167]   A/HRC/55/73 , parágrafos 35-45, 93; A/79/384 parágrafos 63, 81.b; www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde15/8668/2024/en/ , pp. 123-201.

                     [168]A/79/384, pars. 24-34, 59, 67.

                     [169]   www.juragentium.org/topics/palestin/en/water.pdf ; www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2017/11/the-occupation-of-water/ www.alhaq.org/cached_uploads/download/2022/12/12/al-haq-report-2-1670826325.pdf .

                     [170]   www.whoprofits.org/publications/report/165 ; www.alhaq.org/cached_uploads/download/alhaq_files/publications/Water-For-One-People-Only.pdf .

                     [171]   www.alhaq.org/cached_uploads/download/2022/12/12/al-haq-report-2-1670826325.pdf , pp. 15-16; www.pcbs.gov.ps/post.aspx?lang=en&ItemID=5946 .

                     [172]   https://policy-practice.oxfam.org/resources/water-war-crimes-how-israel-has-weaponised-water-in-its-military-campaign-in-ga-621609/ pp. 5, 15-16.

                     [173]   www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media_2024/12/gaza1224web.pdf ; www.alhaq.org/advocacy/26121.html .

                     [174]   www.iea.org/countries/israel/electricity .

                     [175]   www.somo.nl/powering-injustice , pp. 3-4, 13; UNCTAD/GDS/APP/2019/2.

                     [176]   www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2014_2019/documents/dpal/dv/background_note_hala/background_note_halaen.pdf .

                     [177]   www.ochaopt.org/page/gaza-strip-electricity-supply .

                     [178]   www.ochaopt.org/content/hostilities-gaza-strip-and-israel-flash-update-7 ; www.hrw.org/report/2024/12/19/extermination-and-acts-genocide/israel-deliberately-depriving-palestinians-gaza .

                     [179]   www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-update-290-gaza-strip ; www.doctorswithoutborders.org/latest/gaza-hundreds-patients-including-newborns-risk-multiple-hospitals-run-low-fuel

                     [180] www.actionaidusa.org/news/because-there-is-no-fuel-a-lot-of-our-services-are-affected-fuel-shortages-push-hospitals-in-gaza-to-the-brink-of-collapse-with-people-facing-dehydration-disease-and-starvatio/ .

                     [181] Samer Abuzerr, et al., “Ressurgimento da poliomielite durante o conflito de Gaza”, East Mediterranean Health Journal , vol. 31, n.º 2 (2025), pp. 136–137.

                     [182] www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/03/israels-decision-to-cut-off-electricity-supply-to-gaza-desalination-plant-cruel-and-unlawful/; www.unocha.org/publications/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/gaza-humanitarian-response-update-24-june-7-july-2024;

                     [183]   ​​www.somo.nl/powering-injustice/ , pág. 28.

                     [184] Drummond: https://drummondco.com/our-products/coal/mines; www.puertonuevo.com.co/en/ ; Glencore: www.cerrejon.com/en/our-operation; Submissão ao ACNUDH

                     [185] Decreto 1047 (14 de agosto de 2024), “por el cual se establece una prohibición a las exportaciones” www.mincit.gov.co/normatividad/decretos/2024/decreto-1047-del-14-de-agosto-de-2024 .

                     [186]   www.glencore.com/south-africa/who-are-we .

                     [187]   www.somo.nl/powering-injustice/ ; pág. 29; https://rbct.co.za/who-we-are/ www.passblue.com/2025/04/21/coal-from-south-africa-keeps-flowing-to-israel-despite-the-icj-genocide-case/ .

                     [188]   https://israel.chevron.com/en/our-businesses .

                     [189]   www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/93410/000009341024000050/cvx-20231231.htm .

                     [190]   https://israel.chevron.com/en/our-businesses ; www.gov.il/BlobFolder/generalpage/dochmeshek/he/Files_doch_meshek_hashmal_2023_24_en_Pua_Report.pdf , pág. 27.

                     [191]   www.chevron.com/newsroom/2023/q2/dormant-natural-gas-station-roars-back-to-life https://afsc.org/chevron-fuels-israeli-apartheid-and-war-crimes .

                     [192]          www.reuters.com/business/energy/israeli-natural-gas-exports-egypt-jordan-up-134-2024-2025-03-05/ .

                     [193]   www.somo.nl/beneath-troubled-waters/ , pp. www.alhaq.org/cached_uploads/download/alhaq_files/publications/Annexing.Energy.pdf , pp.

                     [194] Submissão (2.17); www.offshore-technology.com/news/israel-awards-exploration-licences-to-bp-socar-newmed .

                     [195]   www.bp.com/en_az/azerbaijan/home/who-we-are/operationsprojects/pipelines/btc.html .

                     [196]   www.cpc.ru/en/about/Pages/shareholders.aspx .

                     [197]           https://oilchange.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/behind-the-barrel-august-2024-v3.pdf , pp. 5-6.

                     [198]   https://oilchange.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/behind-the-barrel-august-2024-v3.pdf; págs. 2, 4-5, 9.

                     [199]   https://docs.datadesk.eco/public/976ce7dcf00743dc/ ; www.offshore-energy.biz/petrobras-cleared-to-combine-two-offshore-fields-after-7-years/ ; www.offshore-technology.com/projects/guaraoilfield/ ; www.offshore-technology.com/projects/tupi-oilfield/ ; www.offshore-technology.com/marketdata/oil-gas-field-profile-iracema-norte-conventional-oil-field-brazil/ ; www.offshore-technology.com/projects/buzios-formerly-franco-field-cesso-onerosa-region-santos-basin/ .

                     [200]   www.somo.nl/fuelling-the-flamesin-gaza/ ; www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde15/012/2009/en/ .

                     [201]   www.sonolenergy.com/Terminal_and_Pipelines ; https://web.archive.org/web/20221206013634/ ; https://ir.delek-group.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Delek-Group-2020-Annual-Report.pdf , págs. A278-282; https://docs.datadesk.eco/public/976ce7dcf00743dc/ .

                     [202]   https :// www . idf . il / השירות – שלי / סוגי – השירות – בצה – ל / שירות – קבע / תחנות – דלק – צהל – רכב – צבאי – דלקן / .

                     [203]   www.somo.nl/powering-injustice/ pág. 17; https://corporatecms.paz.co.il/media/zdhljnz1/2024-annual-report-paz-retail-and-energy-ltd.pdf ; https://paz.co.il/Uploads/investortools/ENGLISH/financeEng/2023/QR3-2023/PAZ%20OIL%20COMPANY%20LTD%20Q3.2023.pdf , pág. B-3.

                     [204] https://media.un.org/unifeed/en/asset/d333/d3334996 .

                     [205] Por exemplo, https://londonminingnetwork.org/2024/06/glencore-showing-improvement-in-self-presentation/ .

                     [206] Timothy Seidel, “Colonialismo de povoamento e luta pela terra na Palestina: Rumo a uma economia política descolonial” em Alaa Tartir, Economia Política da Palestina , pp. Nahla Abdo, “Capitalismo colonial e estrutura social agrária: Palestina: um estudo de caso”, Economic and Political Weekly , vol. 26, n.º 30 (1991).

                     [207]   www.fbclawyers.com/news/sale-of-control-stake-in-tnuva-to-bright-food-completed/ . 

                     [208]   www . tnuva . com . il / news / תנובה – מסכמת – שנה – להקמת – קרן – הרפתנים / ; www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/bjekvgukc .

                     [209]   https://badil.org/phocadownloadpap/badil-new/publications/research/in-focus/EtzionBloc-IsraeliAnnexation.pdf , pp. 35–37, 39, 60–61; https://badil.org/phocadownload/Badil_docs/publications/handbook2013eng.pdf .

                     [210]   A/70/406 , pág. 9; www.whoprofits.org/companies/company/399.4

                     [211]   https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/1cf6af5c-e6a0-415f-b1dc-c54abbe300ba/content .

                     [212]   www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-799407 ; www.statista.com/statistics/1546219/israel-top-fmcg-suppliers-by-market-share/ .

                     [213]   https://tradingeconomics.com/palestine/imports/dairy-products-eggs-honey-edible-products ; www.thinkglobalhealth.org/article/gazas-food-crisis-began-long-israel-hamas-conflict ; https://oi-files-d8-prod.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/file_attachments/bn-dairy-sector-gaza-strip-190117-en.pdf .

                     [214]   www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-799407 .

                     [215]   www.orbia.com/493a04/siteassets/5.-investor-relations/annual-general-meetings/2024/en/punto-1.2-consolidated-audited-fs-2023-english.pdf , pág. 41.

                     [216]   www.whoprofits.org/writable/uploads/publications/1668633368_b1cc7601fe5ac87a92b9.pdf .

                     [217] SS Hughes, et. al., “Greenwashing na Palestina/Israel: colonialismo de povoamento e injustiça ambiental na era da catástrofe climática”, Environment and Planning E , vol. 6, n.º 1 (2022), pp. 495-513; www.gov.il/BlobFolder/generalpage/facts-about-israel-2018/en/English_ABOUT_ISRAEL_PDF_Water.pdf .

                     [218] Submissão (4.4), p. 9.

                     [219]   https://israelagri.com/netbeat-o-primeiro-sistema-de-irrigação-com-um-cérebro/ .

                     [220] UNCTAD TD/B/64/4 (2017), p. 4.

                     [221]   https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/1cf6af5c-e6a0-415f-b1dc-c54abbe300ba/content ; pág. 42. www.whoprofits.org//writable/uploads/old/uploads/2020/03/Netafim-Final.pdf , págs. 2-3; www.alhaq.org/cached_uploads/download/2022/12/12/al-haq-report-2-1670826325.pdf , pág.38.

                     [222]   www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2021-04-15/the-dead-sea-is-dying-drinking-water-is-scarce-jordan-faces-a-climate-crisis .

                     [223]   www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/bjekvgukc .

                     [224]   https://www.alhaq.org/cached_uploads/download/alhaq_files/publications/Feasting-on-the-occupation.pdf ; https://www.icjpalestine.com/2024/12/13/as-supermarkets-gear-up-for-christmas-windfall-icjp-calls-on-the-government-to-review-supermarkets-complicity-in-illegal-israeli-settlement-trade/; https://www.somo.nl/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/What-do-we-know-about-the-products-from-Dutch-supermarkets.pdf .

                     [225]   https://eumep.org/wp-content/uploads/EuMEP_research_settlement_product_origin_v2.pdf ; Submissão (3.4.1); www.qcea.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/bp-eusettlementtrade-version2-en-aug-2012.pdf .

                     [226]   www.maersk.com/local-information/europe/israel https://static1.squarespace.com/static/664aed65d320123f2b3ab647/t/6791e493ef0cd438e6e6b314/1737614484665/PYM-Maersk-SettlementExports-Report-01222025.pdf .

                     [227]   https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52015XC1112(01) ; https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/eu-israel-technical-arrangement_en ; https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2019-11/cp190140en.pdf .

                     [228]   www.amnistia.eu/news/israel-opt-ban-eu-trade-and-business-with-israels-illegal-settlements-in-the-occupied-palestinian-territory/ .

                     [229]           www.carrefour.com/sites/default/files/2022-03/Press%20release%20-%20Carrefour%2C%20in%20Partnership%20with%20Electra%20Consumer%20Products.pdf .

                     [230]   www.timesofisrael.com/amazon-delivering-for-free-to-settlements-but-not-to-palestinians-report/ .

                     [231]   www.hrw.org/report/2018/11/20/bed-and-breakfast-stolen-land/tourist-rental-listings-west-bank-settlements .

                     [232]   www.somo.nl/booking-com-acusado-de-lavagem-de-lucros-dos-crimes-de-guerra-israelenses-na-palestina/ .

                     [233]   www.somo.nl/evidências adicionais apresentadas contra a reserva de livros com fins lucrativos com acordos ilegais/

                     [234]   www.hrw.org/report/2018/11/20/bed-and-breakfast-stolen-land/tourist-rental-listings-west-bank-settlements

                     [235]   www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2025/feb/27/seized-settled-let-how-airbnb-and-bookingcom-help-israelis-make-money-from-stolen-palestinian-land .

                     [236]   https://www.airbnb.com/help/article/1857 .

                     [237]   www.alhaq.org/FAI-Unit/25389.html .

                     [238]   www.airbnb.co.uk/rooms/686717213082897272 .

                     [239] www.nytimes.com/2024/06/01/world/middleeast/west-bank-settlers-land-tuqu-takoa.html ; A/79/347.

                     [240]   www.somo.nl/booking-com-acusado-de-lavagem-de-lucros-de-crimes-de-guerra-israeli-na-palestina/ ; https://elsc.support/news/booking-com-processado-por-lucros-de-crimes-de-guerra-israeli-na-palestina .

                     [241]   https://news.airbnb.com/listings-in-disputed-regions/ .

                     [242]   www.timesofisrael.com/us-jews-sue-airbnb-for-delisting-rentals-at-west-bank-settlements/ ..

                     [243]           https://news.airbnb.com/update-listings-disputed-regions/ ;

                     [244] por exemplo https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2025/06/03/gaza-humanitarian-fund-bcg/

                     [245]   www.unpri.org/about-us/what-are-the-principles-for-responsible-investment .

                     [246]   https://unglobalcompact.org/what-is-gc/mission/principles .

                     [247]   https://boi.org.il/media/3gpniqjj/chap-6-2024.pdf pág. 133.

                     [248]   www.gov.il/en/pages/press_06032024 ; https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/52749/000110465924031445/tm247783-2_424b5.htm .

                     [249]   www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/52749/000110465925012805/tm255845-2_424b5.htm www.banktrack.org/news/seven_underwriters_of_war_bonds_instrumental_in_enabling_israel_s_assault_on_gaza_new_research_finds .

                     [250]   www.gov.il/en/departments/topics/subsubject-local-debt/govil-landing-page .

                     [251]   www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/52749/000110465924031445/tm247783-2_424b5.htm ; www.gov.il/en/pages/press_06032024 .

                     [252]   www.gov.il/BlobFolder/dynamiccollectorresultitem/pd-ranking-2025/en/files-eng_Primary-Dealers-Ranking_RankingPDs2025-1.pdf .

                     [253]   www.ft.com/content/90cb26d2-fff5-43d7-a847-d61a751478fa; www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/moodys-cuts-israels-rating-warns-drop-junk-2024-09-27/ ; www.spglobal.com/ratings/en/research/articles/231024-research-update-israel-outlook-revised-to-negative-on-geopolitical-risks-aa-ratings-affirmed-12892616 ; https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-fiitch-cuts-israels-credit-rating-with-negative-outlook-1001486569 .

[                      254]   www.banktrack.org/news/seven_underwriters_of_war_bonds_instrumental_in_enabling_israel_s_assault_on_gaza_new_research_finds.

                     [255]   www.gov.il/en/pages/press_06032024 .

                     [256] DCI (EUA): www.israelbonds.com/About-Us/Sales-Offices.aspx ; www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/52749/000110465925018872/tm257868d1_fwp.htm ; DCI (Europa): https://israelbondsintl.com/contact-us-en/ ; https://israelbondsintl.com/pdf/2024InformationMemorandum.pdf .

                     [257]   https://brokercheck.finra.org/firm/summary/11148 ; https://littlesis.org/news/us-state-and-local-treasuries-hold-at-least-1-6-billion-in-israel-bonds/ www.dropsitenews.com/p/israel-bonds-biden-gaza-moodys .

                     [258]   https://israelbonds.com/ ; https://israelbondsintl.com/official-doc/Final_Terms_Registered_Bonds.pdf#page=7 p. 14.

                     [259]   www.fidf.org/donate/ .

                     [260]   www.israelbonds.com/PDFs/OrgsforDonationsList.aspx .

                     [261]   www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1364742/000119312511050218/dex211.htm .

                     [262] Em 13 de maio de 2025, https://finance.yahoo.com/ .

                     [263]   www.justetf.com/en/ .

                     [264] Por exemplo https://investor.vanguard.com/investment-products/etfs/profile/veu .

                     [265]   https://13f.info/13f/000095012325004403/compare/000095012325004616 ; https://13f.info/13f/000095012325004032/compare/000095012323009998 ; https://dontbuyintooccupation.org/dbio-data-2024/ ;

                     [266]   https://actions.eko.org/a/axa-investments-in-israeli-banks-financing-war-crimes  .

                     [267]   https://13f.info/13f/000089842725000009/compare/000089842723000021 ; https://dontbuyintooccupation.org/dbio-data-2024/ .

                     [268]   https://boycottbloodyinsurance.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Ensuring-Genocide-Report.pdf ; www.whoprofits.org/publications/report/55?insuring-dispossession .

                     [269] Considere Elliot Dolan-Evans, Making War Safe for Capitalism (Bristol University Press, a sair em 2025).

                     [270]   www.stortinget.no/no/Hva-skjer-pa-Stortinget/videoarkiv/Arkiv-TV-sendinger/?meid=11482&del=1&msid=8539 .

                     [271]   www.nbim.no/en/investments/all-investments/#/ .

                     [272] https://www.cdpq.com/en/investments.

                     [273]   www.cdpq.com/sites/default/files/medias/pdf/en/ra/2024_cdpq_add_information.pdf .

                     [274]   www.cdpq.com/en/sir/2024/approach#section-3 ; www.cdpq.com/sites/default/files/medias/pdf/en/policy_human_rights.pdf .

                     [275]   www.justpeaceadvocates.ca/cdpq-2024-report/2/ ; www.cdpq.com/sites/default/files/medias/pdf/en/ra/2024_cdpq_add_information.pdf ; www.cdpq.com/sites/default/files/medias/pdf/en/ra/2023_cdpq_add_information.pdf .

                     [276]   https://paxforpeace.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/06/The-Companies-Arming-Israel-and-Their-Financiers-June-2024.pdf .

                     [277]   https://dontbuyintooccupation.org/dbio-data-2024/ .

                     [278]   https://dontbuyintooccupation.org/dbio-data-2024/ .

                     [279]   https://paxforpeace.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/06/The-Companies-Arming-Israel-and-Their-Financiers-June-2024.pdf  .

                     [280] Por exemplo, www.morningstar.com/company/anti-israel-bias-concerns-progress .

                     [281] Por exemplo, Vanguard ESG Global All Cap UCITS ETF, https://fund-docs.vanguard.com/etf-annual-report.pdf , pp. 115-135; Fundo de ações Vanguard ActiveLife Climate Aware 60-70%, www.vanguardinvestor.co.uk/investments/vanguard-activelife-climate-aware-60-70-equity-fund-a-gbp-accumulation/portfolio-data .

                     [282] Bloomberg, período de 12 de outubro de 2023 a 22 de maio de 2025.

                     [283]   https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/omar.elhaj/viz/PhilanthropicColonialismWorkbook/Dashboard1?publish=yes .

                     [284]   https://peacenow.org.il/en/following-kkl-jnf-suit-court-orders-sumarin-family-to-evacuate-their-home-in-silwan ; www.haaretz.com/2005-03-13/ty-article/civil-administration-head-faces-charges-over-land-fraud/0000017f-db57-df9c-a17f-ff5f6ddc0000 ; www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2016-02-01/ty-article/.premium/probe-almost-all-palestinian-land-deals-for-illegal-outposts-forged/0000017f-df26-df7c-a5ff-df7e65de0000 ; https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/en/charity-search/-/charity-details/225910 ; https://jnf.blob.core.windows.net/images/docs/default-source/pdfs/year-in-review_2024.pdf?sfvrsn=701e626d_4 .

                     [285]   https://israelgives.org/amuta/580407211 www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/23/crowdfunding-us-residents-fund-settlements-west-bank .

                     [286]   https://cfoic.com/ ; www.globalissues.org/news/2010/07/27/6425 .

                     [287]   www.christenenvoorisrael.nl/geschiedenis .

                     [288]   https://www.c4israel.org/ .

                     [289] CFOIC: US$ 1,2 milhão https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/412020104/202421349349304957/full ; C4I: mais de € 10 milhões (US$ 11,05 milhões) https://prod1-plate-attachments.s3.amazonaws.com/attachments/b272dc5574/Jaarrekening Stichting Christenen voor Israël 2023.pdf , p. 22.

                     [290]   www.platform-investico.nl/onderzoeken/dutch-christians-funding-israel-s-settler-movement ; https://nltimes.nl/2025/03/25/dutch-foundation-offers-buy-weapons-illegal-israeli-settlers-dutch-donations ; www.groene.nl/artikel/cameras-pepper-spray-and-guns .

                     [291]   https://dawnmena.org/how-israeli-universities-and-legal-scholars-collaborate-with-israels-military/ ; www.haaretz.com/2009-03-05/ty-article/protests-as-idf-colonel-who-ruled-for-attacks-on-gaza-civilians-starts-as-tau-lecturer/0000017f-e9d5-d62c-a1ff-fdff83300000 ; https://international.tau.ac.il/court-justice .

                     [292]   https://emekshaveh.org/en/tel-tibna ; www.haaretz.com/opinion/editorial/2022-08-11/ty-article-opinion/occupation-archaeology/00000182-8e8c-d68b-a3e2-ff8d3bf40000 .

                     [293]   www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/2019-03-25/ty-article-magazine/.premium/0000017f-eae4-d639-af7f-ebf7280f0000 ; www.havatzalot.org/copy-of-2 ; https://rector.huji.ac.il/news/%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A3-%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9C-2019 .

                     [294]   https://en.huji.ac.il/Constitution ; https://campuscore.ariel.ac.il/wp/au-international/visitor-guide/ .

                     [295] Maya Wind, Torre de Marfim e Aço ; por exemplo https://besacenter.org/palestinians-hopeless-terror-declines-hopeful-terrorism-increases/ .

                     [296]   https://www.elbitsystems.com/blog/where-robots-go-to-play ; https://in.bgu.ac.il/en/bgn/Pages/industry.aspx; https://aerospace.technion.ac.il/academia-industry-relations/; https://en.huji.ac.il/news/hebrew-university-and-technion-partner-ibm-advance-artificial-intelligence ; https://americansforbgu.org/emc-ibm-and-lockheed-martin-in-silicon-wadi/ .

                     [297] Submissão (3.1.17); https://fnl.mit.edu/may-june-2024/no-more-mit-research-for-israels-ministry-of-defense/ ; https://archive.org/details/mit-science-for-genocide/page/32/mode/2up , pág. 32.

                     [298]   https://vpf.mit.edu/sites/default/files/downloads/AuditReport/2023%20MIT%20Uniform%20Guidance%20Report.pdf , pág. 164; www.cs.technion.ac.il/events/view-event.php?evid=10573 ; https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.03298 ; www.newscientist.com/article/2282656-israel-used-worlds-first-ai-guided-combat-drone-swarm-in-gaza-attacks/    .

                     [299]   https://vpf.mit.edu/sites/default/files/downloads/AuditReport/2023%20MIT%20Uniform%20Guidance%20Report.pdf , p.164; https://doi.org/10.1145/2185677.2185739 ; https://oar.a-star.edu.sg/communities-collections/articles/19403 .

                     [300]   https://archive.org/details/mit-science-for-genocide/page/38/mode/2up?q=pursuit+algorithms , p. 39.

                     [301]   https://news.mit.edu/2019/lockheed-martin-mit-misti-seed-fund-0418 ; www.palestinechronicle.com/major-divestment-win-students-say-mit-has-cut-ties-with-lockheed-martin-fund/ .

                     [302]   https://ilp.mit.edu/membership ; www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/usa-after-six-month-campaign-mit-cuts-ties-with-israeli-weapons-manufacturer-elbit-systems/ .

                     [303]   https://dashboard.tech.ec.europa.eu/qs_digit_dashboard_mt/public/extensions/RTD_BI_public_HE_Country_Profile/ ; https://dashboard.tech.ec.europa.eu/qs_digit_dashboard_mt/public/extensions/RTD_BI_public_Country_Profile/RTD_BI_public_Country_Profile.html?Country=IL ; https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-10-2024-001930_EN.html ;

                     [304]   https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101121288 ;

                     [305]   https://dashboard.tech.ec.europa.eu/qs_digit_dashboard_mt/public/sense/app/dc5f6f40-c9de-4c40-8648-015d6ff21342/sheet/3bcd6df0-d32a-4593-b4fa-0f9529c8ffb0/state/analysis .

                     [306]   https://dashboard.tech.ec.europa.eu/qs_digit_dashboard_mt/public/sense/app/dc5f6f40-c9de-4c40-8648-015d6ff21342/sheet/3bcd6df0-d32a-4593-b4fa-0f9529c8ffb0/state/analysis ; https://academiccomplicity.eu/germany/en/TUMU .

                     [307]   https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101138105 .

                     [308]   www.timesofisrael.com/israels-heven-drones-says-its-hydrogen-fueled-flying-robots-are-a-military-game-changer/ .

                     [309]   https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101086248 .

                     [310]   https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101103646 .

                     [311]   https://lsepalestine.github.io/documents/LSESUPALESTINE-Assets-in-Apartheid-2024-Web.pdf ; https://bdsatucl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/UCL-Investment-Report-2024-FINAL.pdf ; https://kclbdsforum.wordpress.com/#:~:text=The%20report%20has%20mapped%20how,committed%20against%20the%20Palestinian%20people  .

                     [312] h ttps://uoe-finance.ed.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2025-03/List%20of%20Investments%202025%2031%20Jan%20.pdf .

                     [313]   https://udrc.eng.ed.ac.uk/partners .

                     [314]   https://datasciencelab.ise.bgu.ac.il/ .

                     [315] Walaa Alqaisiya e Nicola Perugini, “A questão académica da Palestina”, Middle East Critique , vol. 33, n.º 3 (2024), pp. 299–311.

                     [316] Tribunal Penal Internacional para Ruanda, Promotor v Karemera e outros. , Caso nº ICTR-98-44-T, 2 de fevereiro de 2012, parágrafo 62.

[317] A/HRC/59/23], parágrafo 5

[318] Nações Unidas, Princípios Orientadores sobre Empresas e Direitos Humanos,

www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/publications/guidingprinciplesbusinesshr_en.pdf

[319] UNGP 13

[320] PNUD, Diligência devida em matéria de direitos humanos reforçada para empresas em contextos de conflito: um guia , www.undp.org/publications/heightened-human-rights-due-diligence-business-conflict-affected-contexts-guide (“DDDH reforçada do PNUD”); Comentário do 7.º PNUA; OCDE, Diretrizes para empresas multinacionais sobre conduta empresarial responsável , www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-guidelines-for-multinational-enterprises-on-responsible-business-conduct_81f92357-en.html (“Diretrizes da OCDE”), parágrafo 43

[321] A/75/212 (2020), parágrafo 10

[322] Ver Seção 2.3

[323] A/HRC/4/35/Add.1 (2007); UNGP 1-7

[324] Comentário UNGP 7, CCPR, Comentário Geral 31 (2004), parágrafo 10; CDESC, Comentário Geral 24 (2017), pars. 25-37; considerar CCPR/C/DEU/CO/6 , par. 16

[325] Artigos sobre a responsabilidade dos Estados por actos internacionalmente ilícitos , artigos 5.º, 8.º, 9.º, 11.º; Comentário Geral do CESCR 24 (2017), parágrafo 11.

[326] UNGP 4

[327] UNGP 14

[328] UNGP 23; Comentário UNGP 11; Diretrizes da OCDE, parágrafo 43; HR/PUB/12/02 (2012), pp. 13-14; https://ipisresearch.be/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/20240328_Due-diligence-and-corporate-accountability-in-the-arms-value-chain.pdf .

[329] UNGP 13; Submissão (1.13.a)

[330] A/HRC/RES/17/4 (2011); Irene Pietropaoli, “Parecer jurídico especializado: as obrigações de Estados e empresas terceiros para prevenir e punir o genocídio”, 5 de junho de 2024, www.alhaq.org/advocacy/23294.html , p. 38

[331] Nota: os UNGP referem-se a “impacto adverso nos direitos humanos”, este texto usa “violações dos direitos humanos” para reflectir o contexto dos TPO, onde as violações e os crimes estão a ocorrer

[332] UNGP 13, Submissão (1.13.b) p. 20

[333] Rachel Davis, “Princípios orientadores da ONU sobre empresas e direitos humanos e áreas afetadas por conflitos: obrigações do Estado e responsabilidades empresariais”, Int'l Rev. Cruz Vermelha , vol. 94, n.º 887, (2012), p. 973; Tara Van Ho, “Definição das relações: 'Causa, Contribuição e Diretamente Ligado a' nos Princípios orientadores da ONU sobre empresas e direitos humanos”, Human Rights Quarterly , vol. 43, n.º 4, (novembro de 2021), p. 634; ver também Nota do Presidente das Negociações sobre a Revisão de 2011, Relativamente à Terminologia sobre “Directly Linked” (Directamente Ligado), Directrizes da OCDE para Empresas Multinacionais (Revisão de 2011), https://mneguidelines.oecd.org/global-forum/GFRBC-2014-financial-sector-document-3.pdf .

[334] Ibid

[335] Irene Pietropaoli, “Parecer Jurídico Especializado”, p. 38.

[336] Comentário do UNGP aos Princípios 17 e 19; Tara Van Ho, “Definindo as Relações”, p. 631, John Ruggie, Just Business: Multinational Corporations and Human Rights (2013), p. 99; Surya Deva, “Leis obrigatórias de diligência em matéria de direitos humanos na Europa: Uma miragem para os titulares de direitos?”, Leiden Journal of International Law , vol. 36 (2023), 389.

[337] UNGP 7; Guia do PNUD para a Redução dos Desastres Humanos; A/75/212 (2020); A/HRC/17/32 (2011).

[338] Guia do PNUD sobre a intensificação dos direitos humanos em matéria de direitos humanos; p. 26.

[339] UNGP 7, 23 Comentário; PNUD Highered HRDD, p.10; ONU, Quadro de Análise para Crimes de Atrocidade – Uma ferramenta para a prevenção , 2014, www.refworld.org/reference/manuals/un/2014/en/102631 (“Quadro para Crimes de Atrocidade”); A/75/212 (2020), parágrafo 43; www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Business/OPTStatement6June2014.pdf ; Ver também: TL Van Ho e MK Alshaleel, “A Indústria de Fundos Mútuos e a Proteção dos Direitos Humanos” Human Rights Law Review, vol. 18, n.º 1 (2018).

[340] ACNUDH, A Responsabilidade Corporativa de Respeitar os Direitos Humanos: Guia Interpretativo , 2017, www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Publications/HR.PUB.12.2_En.pdf (“Guia Interpretativo do ACNUDH”), p. 5; Tara Van Ho, “Definindo as Relações”.

[341] Comentário UNGP 19, UNGP 22.

[342] Comentário da UNGP 17.

[343] Comentário da 19ª Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre o Progresso da Paz; Guia Interpretativo do ACNUDH, p. 7.

[344] Comentário da 19ª Secção do UNGP; Tara Van Ho, “Definição das Relações”, p. 635; ACNUDH, Resposta ao Pedido

do BankTrack para aconselhamento sobre a aplicação dos Princípios Orientadores da ONU sobre Empresas e Direitos Humanos no Contexto do Setor Bancário 5 (12 de junho de 2017),

www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Business/InterpretationGuidingPrinciples.pdf , p.7.

[345] John Ruggie e John Sherman, “O conceito de ‘Due Diligence’ nos Princípios Orientadores da ONU sobre Empresas e Direitos Humanos: Uma resposta a Jonathan Bonnitcha e Robert McCorquodale”, The European Journal of International Law , vol. 28, n.º 3 (novembro de 2017), pp. 923-924.

[346] UNGP 18 e Comentário; Submissão (1.5.b); Ruggie e Sherman, “O Conceito de Due Diligence”, p. 924. Ver David Bilchitz e Surya Deva, “As obrigações de direitos humanos das empresas: um quadro crítico para o futuro” em Obrigações de direitos humanos das empresas: para além da responsabilidade corporativa de respeitar (CUP, 2013), p. 11

[347] Tara Van Ho, “Definindo os Relacionamentos”, p. 631; Surya Deva, “Devida diligência obrigatória em direitos humanos”, pp.

[348] UNGP 12 Comentário, 14 Comentário

[349] UNGP 14; Diretrizes da OCDE, p. 31; Submissão 1.3

[350] A/75/212 (2020), par. 13.

[351] A/75/212 (2020), parágrafos 19-21; Quadro para Crimes de Atrocidade; Comentário da UNGP 17; Diretrizes da OCDE, parágrafos 50, 51.

[352] UNGP 7, 13, 17, 19, 23 Comentário.

[353] Caso Krupp (Estados Unidos da América v. Alfried Krupp) , Acórdão de 31 de julho de 1948, em Julgamentos de criminosos de guerra perante os tribunais militares de Nuremberga ao abrigo da Lei n.º 10 do Conselho de Controlo , Vol. IX; Caso IG Farben (Estados Unidos da América v. Carl Krauch et al.), Acórdão de 30 de julho de 1948, em Julgamentos de criminosos de guerra perante os tribunais militares de Nuremberga ao abrigo da Lei n.º 10 do Conselho de Controlo , Vol. VIII.

[354] Submissão (1.3); Anita Ramasastry, “Cumplicidade Corporativa: De Nuremberg a Rangoon – Um Exame de Casos de Trabalho Forçado e Seu Impacto na Responsabilidade de Corporações Multinacionais” Berkeley Journal of International Law vol. 20, Edição 1, p. 91. Annika van Baar, “Litígio Transnacional do Holocausto e Responsabilidade Corporativa por Atrocidades Além de Nuremberg” (19 de fevereiro de 2019); Jonathan Kolieb, 'Através do Espelho: O Legado Confuso de Nuremberg sobre Responsabilidade Corporativa no Direito Internacional' American University International Law Review vol. 32, No. 2, (2017), p. 569, 582.

[355] Michael Kelly, Processando Corporações por Genocídio (OUP, 2016); Submissão 1.3; A/75/212 , parágrafo 11.

[356] Comissão de Direito Internacional, Projetos de artigos sobre Prevenção e Punição de Crimes Contra a Humanidade, com comentários, 2019, A/74/10, pp. 81-84, https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/commentaries/7_7_2019.pdf , União Africana, Protocolo sobre Emendas ao Protocolo sobre o Estatuto do Tribunal Africano de Justiça e Direitos Humanos, 27 de junho de 2014, art. 46 (ainda não em vigor); Tribunal Especial para o Líbano, New TV SAL Karma Mohamed Tashin Al Khayat , Caso n.º STL-14-05/PT/AP/AR126.1, Decisão de 2 de outubro de 2014; EUA v. Krauch, et. al, (o Caso IG Farben), VIII Julgamentos de Criminosos de Guerra Perante os Tribunais Militares de Nuremberg, iii-iv (1952) ; contra Conferência Diplomática de Plenipotenciários da ONU sobre o Estabelecimento de um Tribunal Penal Internacional, Roma, 15 de junho a 17 de julho de 1998, Registros Oficiais, vol. III (A/CONF.183/13), art. 23, parágrafo 6, nota de rodapé 71.

[357] Ex.: Equador Código Orgánico Integral Penal, Registro Oficial, Suplemento, Año 1, N° 180, 10 de fevereiro de 2014, art. 90; www.ipinst.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/businessand_intcrime.pdf

[358] Convenção sobre o Genocídio, Artigo VI; Aplicação da Convenção para a Prevenção e Repressão do Crime de Genocídio (Bósnia e Herzegovina v. Sérvia e Montenegro) , Acórdão, Relatórios do TIJ 2007, parágrafo 420; Michael Kelly, Processar Corporações por Genocídio .

[359] Convenção Internacional para a Supressão e Punição do Crime de Apartheid (1973), art. I(2).

[360] Convenção Internacional para a Supressão do Financiamento do Terrorismo, art. 5.º

[361] Convenção das Nações Unidas contra o Crime Organizado Transnacional, art. 10.

[362] Convenção das Nações Unidas contra a Corrupção, art. 26.

[363] Tribunal Penal Internacional para a Iugoslávia, Promotor v Blaškić , Caso No. IT-95-14-A, 29 de abril de 2004, pars. 46-47.

[364] Promotor v. Akayesu , Caso No. ICTR-96-4-T, par. 533-538; Promotor v. Blagojević , Caso nº IT-02-60-T,, par. 777; Tribunal Penal Internacional para Ruanda, Promotor v. Kamuhanda , Caso No. ICTR-95-54A-A, Sentença, 22 de janeiro de 2003, par. 596.

[365] Tribunal Penal Internacional para Ruanda, Promotor contra Nahimana, Barayagwiza e Ngeze , Caso No. ICTR-99-52-T, Sentença, Resumo, 3 de dezembro de 2003, pars. 973-974.

[366] Nota: o padrão penal mais comum exige “um efeito substancial” na prática do crime: Tribunal Penal Internacional para a ex-Jugoslávia, Procurador v. Tadic , Caso n.º IT-94-1-T, 7 de maio de 1997, parágrafos 688-692; embora o TPI não estabeleça um padrão tão elevado, um “efeito” é suficiente: Tribunal Penal Internacional, Procurador v. Bemba , Caso n.º ICC-01/05-01/13, Sentença de julgamento nos termos do artigo 72.º do Estatuto, 19 de outubro de 2016, parágrafo 90; Tribunal Penal Internacional, Procurador v. Al Mahdi , Caso n.º ICC-01/12-01/15, Decisão sobre a Confirmação das Acusações, 24 de março de 2016, parágrafo 26; Ver Oona A. Hathaway et al, “Auxílio e cumplicidade no direito penal internacional”, Cornell Law Review , vol. 104, (2019), pp.1606-1609.

[367] Tribunal Penal Internacional para a Jugoslávia, Procurador v Furundzija , Acórdão de julgamento, Processo n.º IT-95-17/1-T, 10 de Dezembro de 1998, parágrafos 209, 235; www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Vol.1-Corporate-legal-accountability-thematic-report-2008.pdf , pp. 9, 39-40; Irene Pietropaoli, “Parecer Jurídico Especializado”, pp. 18-19; veja-se também o caso Lundin Oil perante o Tribunal Distrital Sueco, https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/lundin-petroleum-lawsuit-re-complicity-war-crimes-sudan/ .

[368] Procurador v. Akayesu , Processo n.º ICTR-96-4-T, parágrafo 541; Procurador v. Blagojević , Processo n.º IT-02-60-T, parágrafos 384, 777; Tribunal Penal Internacional para o Ruanda, Procurador v. Ntakirutimana e Ntakirutimana , Processo n.º ICTR-96-10-A e ICTR-96-17-A, Acórdão de recurso, 13 de Dezembro de 2004, parágrafos 500-501, 551; ver também no contexto da responsabilidade do Estado: Aplicação da Convenção para a Prevenção e Punição do Crime de Genocídio (Bósnia e Herzegovina v. Sérvia e Montenegro) , Acórdão, Relatórios do Tribunal Internacional de Justiça 2007, parágrafo 421; William A. Schabas, Genocídio no Direito Internacional: O Crime dos Crimes (CUP, 2009) p. 522.

[369] Estatuto de Roma, Artigo 25(3)(c) (Ênfase acrescentada); Tribunal Penal Internacional, Procurador v. Bemba , Caso n.º ICC-01/05-01/13, Sentença de julgamento nos termos do artigo 74.º do Estatuto, parágrafo 97 (19 de outubro de 2016).

[370] Mecanismo Residual Internacional para Tribunais Criminais Internacionais, Procurador v Kabuga (Caso n.º MICT-13-38-PT, Segunda Acusação Emendada da Procuradoria, 1 de março de 2021, parágrafos 9, 25, 30, 34.

[371] Julgamento de Bruno Tesch e outros dois (o caso Zyklon B) (1947) 1 Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals 93 (Tribunal Militar Britânico, Hamburgo) pp. 102.

[372] A/HRC/RES/31/36 (2016); A/HRC/RES/53/25 (2023); Base de dados da ONU: www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/regular-sessions/session31/database-hrc3136 .

[373] Supremo Tribunal do Reino Unido, Vedanta Resources PLC v Lungowe [2019] UKSC 20.

[374] Tribunal Distrital de Haia, Procurador Público v. Frans Cornelis Adrianus van Anraat , 23 de dezembro de 2005, www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/178/Van-Anraat/ .

[375] “Communiques de Presse: Lafarge Poursuivi Pour Financement Presume de Terrorisme” (15 de novembro de 2016). Cour de cassation, [7 de setembro de 2021] Pourvoi n.º 19-87.036; www.asso-sherpa.org/lafarge-in-syria-french-supreme-court-issues-decisive-ruling-on-charges-faced-by-the-multinational .

[376] www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/lundin-petroleum-lawsuit-re-complicity-war-crimes-sudan/ .

[377] Alien Torts Statute, 28 US Code, parágrafo 1350; veja as decisões do Supremo Tribunal em Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain; Jesner v. Arab Bank e Nestle v. Doe restringiram severamente o âmbito do Estatuto nos últimos anos; veja Federica Violi, “Navigating Corporate Accountability in International Economic Law: A Critical Overview”, (2024) em Ioannis Papadopoulos, et al., (eds), Handbook of Accountability Studies: Politics, Law, Business, Work (Elgar Publishing, a ser lançado em 2025).

[378] Doe v Unocal (doravante Unocal) https://earthrights.org/case/doe-v-unocal/#timelineff69-1a905f26-f4b6 , Wiwa v Royal Dutch Petroleum Co (Wiwa), Talisman, Bowoto v Chevron (Bowoto), John Does v Exxon Mobil Corp (Exxon Mobil), Rio Tinto e Beanal v Freeport-McMoran Inc. ​7

[379] Por exemplo, Lei de Produtos do Crime de 2002 (Reino Unido)

[380] Considere o caso Congresso Mundial Uigur contra Agência Nacional do Crime [2024] EWCA Civ 715.

[381]   Lei Francesa do Dever de Vigilância de 2017, LOI n° 2017-399 de 27 de março de 2017 relativa a devoir de vigilance des sociétés mères et des entreprises donneuses d'ordre .

[382] Lei Alemã sobre Obrigações de Devida Diligência Corporativa na Cadeia de Abastecimento 2021, Gesetz über die unternehmerischen Sorgfaltspflichten em Lieferketten , 16 de julho de 2021.

[383] Lei Norueguesa de Transparência de 2021, Lei relativa à transparência e ao trabalho das empresas sobre direitos humanos fundamentais e condições de trabalho dignas , https://lovdata.no/dokument/NLE/lov/2021-06-18-99 .

[384] Lei Suíça de Due Diligence de 2021, Nicolas Bueno, “A legislação suíça de due diligence em matéria de direitos humanos: entre o direito e a política”, Business and Human Rights Journal , vol. 6, n.º 3 (2021), pp. 542-549.

[385] Diretiva da UE relativa à devida diligência em matéria de sustentabilidade empresarial, 2024/1760 (julho de 2024).

[386] www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/eu-ohchr-publishes-commentary-on-omnibus-proposal-warns-that-omnibus-proposal-risks-backsliding-on-csddd/ .

[387] https://commission.europa.eu/business-economy-euro/doing-business-eu/sustainability-due-diligence-responsible-business/corporate-sustainability-due-diligence_en#what-are-the-obligations-for-companies ; www.morganlewis.com/pubs/2024/03/the-first-french-court-rulings-on-the-duty-of-vigilanc .

[388] Regulamento (UE) 2021/821

[389] Regulamento (UE) 2024/301

[390] por exemplo www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/9d68c55c272c41e99f0bf45d24397d8c/2022.09.05_gpfg_guidelines_observation_exclusion.pdf ; www.ccc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/9.-CCC-Human-Rights-Due-Diligence-Guidelines-Defence-Security.pdf .

[391] Diretrizes da OCDE.

[392] https://mneguidelines.oecd.org/ncps/israel.htm .

[393] https://mneguidelines.oecd.org/ncps/how-do-ncps-handle-cases.htm .

[394] Ponto de contacto nacional do Reino Unido, Declaração final: queixa dos advogados pelos direitos humanos palestinos ao PCN do Reino Unido sobre a JCB , decisão, 12 de novembro de 2021; Ponto de contacto nacional espanhol, Declaração final: Comité de Solidaridad de la Causa Árabe (CSCA) e uma empresa ativa no setor da construção , 25 de maio de 2022.

[395] Ralph Wilde, Parecer Jurídico, 1 de dezembro de 2024, https://alhaqeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ralph_wilde_icj_opt_ao_thirdstateseu_legal_opinion.pdf , pars. 91-94.

[396] www.alhaq.org/cached_uploads/download/2025/01/14/punishing-a-nation-1736840036.pdf ; www.alhaq.org/cached_uploads/download/alhaq_files/publications/Annexation_Wall_english.pdf ; https://badil.org/cached_uploads/view/2021/04/19/wp-e-11-1618822997.pdf ; https://badil.org/cached_uploads/view/2021/04/19/icl-wp12-eng-1618823024.pdf ; www.btselem.org/publications/fulltext/202101_this_is_apartheid .

[397] CSNU 242 (1967), 338 (1973), S/RES/2334 (2016)

[398] CERD/C/113/3

[399] A/HRC/49/87 (2022); A/HRC/13/53 (2010)

[400] A/HRC/28/79 (2015); A/HRC/50/21 (2022)

[401] www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/27/threshold-crossed/israeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution

[402] www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2022/02/israels-system-of-apartheid/ ; www.amnesty.org.uk/files/2018-09/3.%20Campaign%20Briefing%201%20-%20Israel%20Palestine%2050%20years%20of%20occupation.pdf?5wqeX6EBe_M50pnGGMDOt1UJj3FPvx6q= .

[403] www.un.org/unispal/wp-content/uploads/2003/07/6bb117b13425504685256ea90055c8ab_assessment.pdf ; https://unispal.un.org/pdfs/GS_HumImplosion.pdf .

[404] https://oi-files-d8-prod.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/file_attachments/bp104-palestinians-five-years-of-illegality_4.pdf .

[405] Consequências jurídicas da construção de um muro no território palestino ocupado , Parecer consultivo, 9 de julho de 2004, Relatórios do TIJ de 2004, parágrafos 120-123; 163(3)(D)

[406] https://bdsmovement.net/BNC .

[407] www.whoprofits.org/ ; https://afsc.org/ ; https://dontbuyintooccupation.org/ ; https://act.progressive.international/watermelon/

[408] www.klp.no/en/corporate-responsibility-and-responsible-investments/exclusion-and-dialogue/exclude-caterpillar-inc.pdf .

[409] www.gov.ie/en/department-of-finance/press-releases/minister-mcgrath-notes-ntma-confirmation-of-divestment-from-certain-investments-in-the-occupied-palestinian-territory/ .

[410] https://hwkvufmtfxjkrhbrfqkj.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/PUB/AXA_investments_Israeli_banks_report.pdf

[411] www.middleeastmonitor.com/20150829-veolia-completes-withdrawal-from-israel-in-victory-for-bds-campaign/

[412] www.crh.com/media/1062/dev-strat-update-07012016_2.pdf .

[413] www.generalmills.com/news/stories/an-update-on-general-mills-joint-venture-in-israel

[414] https://mayafiles.tase.co.il/RHtm/1524001-1525000/H1524391.htm ; www.g4s.com/news-and-insights/news/2017/06/29/sale-of-g4s-secure-solutions-israel-ltd ; www.g4s.com/news-and-insights/news/2016/05/23/statement-regarding-the-sale-of-g4s-israel

[415] www.y-yokohama.com/release/pdf/2024111414mg004.pdf

[416] www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/british-sandwich-chain-pret-abandons-plan-open-israel-2024-06-03/

[417] www.unilever.com/news/press-and-media/press-releases/2021/unilever-statement-on-ben-and-jerrys-decision/; www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/ben-jerry-s-withdraws-sales-israeli-settlements-clashes-parent-company-n1274403 ; https://fortune.com/europe/2025/03/19/unilever-oppressiveness-ben-jerrys-ceo-sacked-social-mission/ ; www.timesofisrael.com/ben-jerrys-founder-said-looking-to-buy-back-company-from-unilever-amid-israel-spat/

[418] www.bdsmovement.net/news/israel-football-association-loses-yet-another-sponsor

[419] A/HRC/22/63 (2013) parágrafo 96; A/HRC/RES/31/36 (2016); A/HRC/43/71 (2020).

[420] www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session31/database-hrc3136/23-06-30-Update-israeli-settlement-opt-database-hrc3136.pdf para. 14.

[421] Consequências jurídicas decorrentes das políticas e práticas de Israel no Território Palestino Ocupado, incluindo Jerusalém Oriental , Parecer Consultivo, 19 de julho de 2024, Relatórios do TIJ 2024, parágrafo 111.

[422] Ibid., parágrafos 155 e 261–264.

[423] Ibid., parágrafos 173, 179 e 252.

[424] Ibid., parágrafos 223-229.

[425] Ibid., parágrafos 252-258.

[426] Estatuto de Roma, artigo 8 bis ; A/77/356 , par. 22.

[427] Ralph Wilde, Parecer Jurídico, parágrafo 45.

[428] Consequências jurídicas decorrentes das políticas e práticas de Israel no Território Palestino Ocupado, incluindo Jerusalém Oriental , Parecer Consultivo, 19 de julho de 2024, Relatórios do TIJ 202, parágrafos 230-233; A/77/356 parágrafos 16-18.

[429] A/77/356 (2022) par. 237.

[430] A/RES/ES-10/24 (2024), par. 2.

[431] Consequências jurídicas decorrentes das políticas e práticas de Israel no Território Palestino Ocupado, incluindo Jerusalém Oriental , Parecer Consultivo, 19 de julho de 2024, Relatórios 202 do TIJ, parágrafos 278-279.

[432] Aplicação da Convenção para a Prevenção e Repressão do Crime de Genocídio na Faixa de Gaza (África do Sul v. Israel) , Despacho de 26 de janeiro de 2024, Relatórios do TIJ de 2024, parágrafo 86(1)

[433] Aplicação da Convenção para a Prevenção e Punição do Crime de Genocídio na Faixa de Gaza (África do Sul v. Israel) , Pedido de Modificação da Ordem de 28 de março de 2024, Ordem de 24 de maio de 2024, Relatórios do TIJ de 2024, parágrafos 29, 57(2)(a).

[434] www.un.org/unispal/document/arms-transfers-un-experts-20jun24/

[435] Alegadas violações de certas obrigações internacionais em relação ao Território Palestino Ocupado (Nicarágua v. Alemanha) , Ordem, 30 de abril de 2024, Relatórios do TIJ 2024, parágrafos 22–24; Consequências jurídicas decorrentes das políticas e práticas de Israel no Território Palestino Ocupado, incluindo Jerusalém Oriental , Parecer consultivo, 19 de julho de 2024, Relatórios do TIJ 202, parágrafo 285(7).

[436] Ralph Wilde, Parecer Jurídico, parágrafos 51-52.

[437] CCPR/C/70/D/547/1993, par. 9,2; CCPR/C/124/D/2950/2017, par. 9,9-9,11; CCPR/C/124/D/2668/2015, par. 1,4, 2,4, 6,11

[438] Artigo 1 comum ao Pacto Internacional sobre os Direitos Civis e Políticos (PIDCP) e ao Pacto Internacional sobre os Direitos Económicos, Sociais e Culturais (PIDESC).

[439] A/RES/637(VII) ; Comentário Geral da CCPR nº 12 (1984) par. 1.

[440] Comentário do UNGP sobre 19; Tyler Mcreary, “Historicizando o encontro entre autoridades estatais, corporativas e indígenas em terras Gitxsan” Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice , vol. 33, n.º 3, (maio de 2016), p. 18.

texto: ONU - Relatório do Relator Especial sobre a situação dos direitos humanos nos territórios palestinos ocupados desde 1967

link:

https://www.un.org/unispal/document/a-hrc-59-23-from-economy-of-occupation-to-economy-of-genocide-report-special-rapporteur-francesca-albanese-palestine-2025/